Pop Art Was Inspired by Western Civilization Ii Quizlet

Since the emergence of the Italian Renaissance, the history of Western art began a fascinating grade through different stylistic genres. While 15th-century painting focused on portraying the ideal, the subsequent movements explored many other aesthetics and ideas, often in reaction to their historical predecessor. And although there are many remarkable paintings to report from these unlike art movements, we've narrowed down the expansive list to twenty iconic works that span from the end of the 15th century all the way to the get-go half of the 1900s.

Among this list of masterpieces are some that are so well known they've get a part of pop civilisation, also as others that, while famous in fine art circles, may not exist every bit familiar. For instance, René Magritte'south Surrealist painting Treachery of Images, which features a rendering of a chocolate-brown pipe accompanied by the recognizable phrase "This is not a pipage," has been referenced in film as well as video games. Similarly, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa continues to inspire authors and filmmakers from effectually the world. On the other paw, some paintings that have eluded the same attention include Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Impressionist precious stone, Bal du Moulin de la Galette, and Marcel Duchamp'due south Nude Descending a Staircase.

Desire to castor up on your art history knowledge? Coil down to take a brusk-listed tour of 30 of Western fine art history's almost famous paintings.

Brush upward on your fine art history knowledge by learning about these famous paintings.

Northern Renaissance

Jan Van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait, 1434

Born in what is now Belgium, artist Jan van Eyck was an early chief of the oil medium and used information technology to create meticulously detailed compositions. His almost prominent piece of work, The Arnolfini Portrait , remains an icon of the Northern Renaissance—encapsulating many of the aesthetic ideals and technical innovations of the time period.  Information technology depicts a wealthy merchant—presumed to exist Giovanni di Nicolau di Arnolfini—and his married woman in a lavishly decorated room which showcases their opulent wealth.

Fun fact: On the back wall of the room is aconvex mirror that shows a reflection of two people, 1 of whom is very likely Van Eyck. The mirror itself is thought to suggest the middle of God observing the scene.

Italian Renaissance

Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, c. 1484–6

Created by Sandro Botticelli in the Early on Renaissance (or the Quattrocento), The Birth of Venus is a stylistic delineation of the mythological Roman goddess, Venus. It is one of the beginning Renaissance paintings to display Classical inspiration and a prominent nude female figure.

Fun fact: The nudity depicted in The Birth of Venus was unusual—and rather daring—at the fourth dimension.

Leonardo da Vinci, The Final Supper, c. 1495–1498

Leonardo da Vinci, "The Last Supper," 1495–8 (Photo: Wikimedia Eatables, Public domain)

Since its completion at the end of the 15th century, The Last Supper has captivated audiences with its impressively large scale, unique composition, and mysterious subject affair. Leonardo da Vinci's patron, Ludovico Sforza, asked him to pigment Jesus' terminal meal as described in the Gospel of John in the New Attestation of the Bible.

Fun fact: Interestingly, Leonardo opted to illustrate the moment Jesus tells his followers that one of them will beguile him, placing much of the painting'southward focus on the figures' individual expressive reactions.

Leonardo da Vinci, The Mona Lisa, c. 1503–1506

Almost everyone is familiar with the Mona Lisa 'southward enchanting smile. Painted in the High Renaissance by polymath Leonardo da Vinci, it exhibits naturalistic painting techniques as well equally a smokey background using sfumato.

Fun fact: The Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre in 1911, but it seems the thief made the painting famous. Newspapers spread the story of the crime worldwide, sparking international interest in the painting. When the artwork finally returned to the Paris museum two years later, it became historic as a masterpiece.

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509–1511

The School of Athens is ane of the four wall frescoes Raphael painted in the Stanza della Segnatura, in the Papal Palace. It is considered a masterpiece for how it merges art, philosophy, and scientific discipline into one painting. Among the many figures depicted in the piece are Greek philosophers Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates, and mathematicians Euclid and Pythagoras.

Fun fact: Plato's gesture toward the heaven is thought to indicate his Theory of Forms. This philosophy argues that the "existent" world is not the physical one, but instead a spiritual realm of ideas filled with abstract concepts and ideas. Conversely, Aristotle's outstretched hand is a visual representation of his belief that noesis comes from experience. Empiricism, as it is known, theorizes that humans must have concrete prove to support their ideas and is very much grounded in the physical world.

Michelangelo, The Sistine Chapel ceiling, 1508–1512

Renaissance artist Michelangelo spent four years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius 2. It is non only renowned for its incredible scale, but too for its complex composition and Classical inspirations.

Fun fact: Michelangelo was reluctant to take up the task. When he was asked by Pope Julius II to paint the ceiling, he fabricated information technology very clear that he hated painting and preferred sculpture. He even wrote a poem expressing his frustrations.

Bizarre

Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1599–1600

Caravaggio, "The Calling of St. Matthew," 1599–1600 (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

Michelangelo Merisi—better known every bit Caravaggio—was a masterful Italian Bizarre painter who pushed boundaries, both in his artistic and personal life. His piece of work, The Calling of St. Matthew , depicts an informal, natural gathering of figures with a dramatic use of lite and shadow—the trademark of his style. Dressed in gimmicky wear, the characters appear lifted from a genre scene rather than a traditional religious painting.

Fun fact: The identity of Matthew in the painting is however debated. While virtually believe it is the bearded man pointing to himself, others believe that the bearded man is really directing the viewer'south attention to the man slumped over the table.

Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, 1656–7

Spanish artist Diego Velázquez was the court painter for King Philip IV and known for his expressive portraits which captured the concrete likeness and personality of his subjects. Las Meninas is his most revered piece of work and still lauded by art historians today for its circuitous pattern. It shows the infanta Margaret Theresa surrounded past ladies in waiting, a chaperone, a bodyguard, a chamberlain, and fifty-fifty Velázquez himself.

Fun fact: The Rex and Queen are included in the painting. To a higher place the princess' head, there's a dark wooden frame. Within it is her father and mother, King Philip Iv of Kingdom of spain and Mariana of Austria.

Dutch Golden Age

Rembrandt van Rijn, The Night Picket, 1642

In the 17th century, Dutch artists became inspired by Northern Renaissance painting techniques in an era known every bit the Dutch Gilded Age. Rembrandt van Rijn's The Night Lookout is a massive group portrait in which the figures are virtually life-size. It showcases the artist'due south dramatic use of light and shadow.

Fun fact: The painting is viewed by around iv,000 to 5,000 visitors daily at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Johannes Vermeer, Girl With a Pearl Earring, c. 1665

Some other of the most acclaimed paintings to emerge from this period is Johannes Vermeer's enticing portrait, Girl With a Pearl Earring . It portrays an bearding woman wearing "exotic" blue-and-yellow habiliment and sitting before a stark blackness background.

Fun Fact: Daughter with a Pearl Earring is sometimes nicknamed the "Mona Lisa of the N." This is partially due to the subject's captivating expression, and because of the mystery surrounding the slice itself.

Rococo

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, c. 1767

Following the extravagance and power of Baroque art came the lighthearted and flirtatious Rococo movement, which blossomed in 18th-century France before spreading to other European countries. The Swing past Jean-Honoré Fragonard exemplifies the aesthetic of this decorative mode, featuring a whimsical narrative, pastel colors, and fluid forms.

Fun fact: The Swing was commissioned by the Baron de Saint-Julien, who wanted a flirtatious portrait of his mistress. The Businesswoman was very clear in his salacious intentions, specifically request that in the painting his mistress was pushed on a swing past a bishop, while he (the Baron) looked up his mistress's clothes. Fragonard did make one omission from the original request and exchanged the figure of a bishop with the more acceptable character of a cuckolded hubby.

Neoclassical

Jacque-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1801–1805

As the preeminent artist of the Neoclassical fashion, Jacques-Louis David produced art that was dissimilar the Rococo status quo—with few colors, minimalist merely balanced compositions, and depictions of classical subject thing. When Napoleon rose to ability, David aligned himself with the ruler of France and made art in support of the new regime. His equestrian portrait Napoleon Crossing the Alps has go the best-known paradigm of Napoleon, portraying the emperor as he leads his ground forces through the Great St. Bernard Pass.

Fun fact: David made five versions of this portrait between 1801–1805, with small differences between them. The first version featured Napoleon wearing an ochre-colored cape, whereas all of the subsequent versions depict him wrapped in a blood-red cape.

Romanticism

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of The Medusa, 1818–9

The Romantic fine art movement emphasized emotion, the sublimity of nature, and the private. Théodore Géricault's The Raft of The Medusa depicts a historical shipwreck off the coast of modernistic-24-hour interval Mauritania, where sailors survived treacherous conditions to find a condom haven. The painting'southward employ of scale and drama makes it a cornerstone of French Romanticism.

Fun fact: The Raft of The Medusa painting is huge, measuring effectually 16 feet by 23.5 anxiety. The raft itself was even bigger, measuring 23 feet by 66 feet.

Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830

Liberty Leading the People is a dramatic large-scale painting by French artist Eugène Delacroix. Created during the tumultuous French Revolution, information technology captures the spirit of the people'due south uprising.

Fun fact: The woman in the composition is known equally "Marianne." She has been the personification of the French Commonwealth e'er since the first French Revolution of 1789.

Realism

James McNeill Whistler, Whistler's Mother, 1871

Whistler's Mother (too known as Arrangement in Gray and Black No.one) is a portrait of the artist James McNeill Whistler'southward mother, 67-year-old Anna McNeill Whistler. In addition to showcasing Whistler'due south focus on colour, which he explored through shape, class, and composition, the austere painting as well illustrates the artist's perception of his pious female parent, whose presence in London—previously the setting of his Bohemian lifestyle—he described as a "full general upheaval" in a letter to fellow artist and friend Henri Fantin-Latour.

Fun fact: Every bit a firm laic in "art for art'due south sake," Whistler entitled the portrait Arrangement in Grey and Black No.one because he did non believe the identity of the bailiwick was important to audiences. Even so, the motion picture is all-time known past its colloquial proper noun, Whistler'south Mother.

Realism—Impressionism

Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe, 1863

Manet's big-scale masterpiece, Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (or The Tiffin on the Grass), bridges the gap between the Realist and Impressionist art movements with its mod approach to manner and subject matter. Featuring a nude woman picnicking in the company of two well-dressed men, it derives inspiration from Classical paintings of female nudes while placing information technology in a contemporary setting.

Fun fact: The clothed men in the painting were Manet's relatives—his brother, Eugène Manet, and his future brother-in-law, Dutch sculptor Ferdinand Leenhoff. The nude adult female is Victorine-Louise Meurent, a popular muse of Parisian painters during the late 1800s. She was nicknamed "La Crevette" (The Shrimp) because of her red pilus and rosy complexion.

Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1882

Completed in 1882, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère was Manet'due south last major work and the culmination of his unique—and to some, controversial—approach to painting. Set in a crowded bar, the work portrays a somber barmaid attending to a gentleman in a top hat. Manet renders the main figures, objects, and interior with expressive brushstrokes and close attention to the details.

Fun fact: This painting is based on a real-life nightclub in Paris called the Folies-Bergère. In the belatedly 19th century, this establishment was incredibly pop among artists as well as middle and upper-class Parisians for its assortment of amusement including cabaret, ballet, and acrobatics to name a few.

Impressionism

Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872

Impression, Sunrise depicts a hazy blue-hued seascape dotted with small boats and a bright orange sun. In fact, its radical apply of expressive brushstrokes to portray a sunrise is what sparked the Impressionist fine art movement and named its creator, Claude Monet, the "Father of Impressionism."

Fun fact: The painting depicts the harbor of LeHavre in France, merely Monet felt there wasn't enough detail to title the painting after the location. Therefore, the name Impression, Sunrise was given. Monet titled about of his paintings with "Impression" for this reason.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Bal du Moulin de la Galette, 1876

The Bal du moulin de la Galette , or the Trip the light fantastic at the Moulin de la Galette, is among Renoir's most celebrated pieces. Like many other Impressionist works, it was painted en plein air, and offers a glimpse into life and leisure during France's Belle Époque.

Fun fact: The subjects in Bal du moulin de la Galette were fellow artists, scholars, and close friends to Renoir. The painter asked them to bring together him at Maison Fournaise to pose for the composition.

Mail service-Impressionism

Georges Seurat, A Lord's day Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884–vi

French creative person and colour theorist Georges Seurat was one of the inventors of Pointillism, a painting technique that applies paint to the sheet using pocket-size dots of color. His massive magnum opus, A Sun Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte displays his mastery of the unique fashion.

Fun fact: Seurat was only 26 years old when he completed this painting.

Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Dark, 1889

While the Impressionist movement was preoccupied with portraying low-cal in its painting, the Post-Impressionist movement focused on color. And few artists are as renowned for their use of color as Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night was created belatedly into the Dutch painter's short career and depicts the view from his window in the asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Fun fact: This was non Van Gogh's start Starry Nighttime. The twelvemonth before, in 1888, the artist painted his original Starry Night, sometimes known as Starry Nighttime Over the Rhône.

Expressionism

Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893

Ane of the pioneers of Norwegian Expressionism, Edvard Munch'south stylistic arroyo to conveying emotion, particularly feelings of anguish, is best displayed in his iconic masterpiece, The Scream .

Fun fact: This painting inspired the killer's mask in Wes Craven's flick franchise, Scream. The managing director said of the painting: "It's a classic reference to but the pure horror of parts of the 20th century, or perhaps merely homo existence."

Vienna Secession

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss, 1907–8

Gustav Klimt, "The Kiss," oil and gold leaf on canvas, 1907–1908 (Photo: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

Austrian Symbolist painter Gustav Klimt was famous for his dazzling use of gold and his masterpiece The Kiss is no unlike. Made in the Vienna Secession art movement—which is closely related to Art Nouveau—this intimate portrait captures a tender moment between a pair of lovers. He uses a flat, 2-dimensional composition to heighten the luster of the gold leaf.

Fun fact: Love—whether romantic, platonic, or familial—is a common theme in Klimt's piece of work. "Whoever wants to know something about me," he said, "should look attentively at my pictures and there seek to recognize what I am and what I want."

Cubism

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

Few artists can avowal a portfolio as numerous and diverse every bit Pablo Picasso. A pioneer of several different styles, he is perhaps best known for his works in Cubism. And while Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is frequently considered to exist a proto-Cubist painting, it still exhibits an interest in shapes, perspective, and simplification of forms.

Fun fact: Henri Matisse was Picasso's rival for years, and when Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was revealed, Matisse publicly criticized the painting. He believed it undermined modernistic art.

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. two, 1912

Although Marcel Duchamp'south painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 was initially rejected by the Cubists as being also Futurist in style, the work was subsequently recognized equally an case of both movements and a modernistic masterpiece. Like the Cubists, it utilizes fragmentation and simplification of shapes, and similar the Futurists it portrays motility.

Fun fact: Duchamp's brothers hated the piece and tried to censor information technology. Duchamp had hoped to debut the painting in the Salon des Indépendants'south jump exhibition of Cubist works. However, it was rejected by the committee, and the creative person's brothers urged him to withdraw the piece of work or paint over the piece. Duchamp refused to modify his artwork and later recalled, "I said nothing to my brothers. But I went immediately to the show and took my painting home in a taxi. It was really a turning point in my life, I tin can assure you. I saw that I would not be very much interested in groups later on that."

Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937

Painted towards the end of the Cubist art movement, Pablo Picasso's Guernica is one of the most prominent examples of anti-war art. It captures the anguish of both people and animals that is acquired past unnecessary violence.

Fun fact: The main subjects in the painting are women. One powerful figure is depicted screaming in agony equally she holds a dead baby in her arms. Some other holds her artillery in the air holding an oil lamp, signifying hope.

Surrealism

René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1929

René Magritte'south Surrealist paintings are known for their unique sense of irony and wit. I of his most famous pieces, The Treachery of Images, insists that the pipage depicted "is non a piping" considering it is just a representation of 1.

Fun fact: The painting received some bad reviews from critics who thought it suggested the idea of nihilism. In an interview, Magritte defended himself by stating, "The famous pipe. How people reproached me for information technology! And however, could you stuff my pipe? No, it's just a representation, is it not? And then if I had my picture show 'This is a pipe,' I'd have been lying!"

Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory, 1931

The Persistence of Retention was painted at the height of the Surrealist art movement and is considered to be Salvador Dalí's most iconic piece of work. It displays outlandish subject matter evocative of a dreamscape. Even today, the melting clock is synonymous with the Castilian artist's name.

Fun fact: Dalí was probably hallucinating when he painted the piece. Around the time of the artwork'south creation, the surrealist was practicing his "paranoiac-critical method." Dalí would endeavor to enter a state of cocky-induced psychotic hallucinations and then that he could create what he called "hand-painted dream photographs."

20th-Century American Art

Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

Featuring a stoic portrait of a farmer and his girl, Grant Wood'south American Gothic offers a fascinating glimpse into life in the rural United States. While many take misconstrued its meaning and misinterpreted its field of study matter since its debut in 1930, this depiction of modest town life remains i of art history's biggest icons.

Fun fact: The house in the painting is based on a real-life structure that Wood came across in Iowa. Known as the Dibble House, this humble abode was built in 1881 in a Gothic Revival mode calledCarpenter Gothic. In addition to its Gothic elements, withal, Woods was drawn to its characteristically "rural" appearance, typified past its small stature, cream-colored walls, and shingled roof. When he spotted the abode, information technology immediately caught his eye—and sparked his imagination.

Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942

Nighthawks offers a glimpse into artist Edward Hopper'southward perceptions of mod American life—particularly, in New York City. Unlike his contemporaries who opted to capture the metropolis'southward brilliant lights, buzzing atmosphere, and booming industry, nonetheless, Hopper instead focused on the prevalent however underrepresented loneliness of its residents.

Fun fact: His wife, Josephine or "Jo," frequently wrote detailed annotations for Hopper's preparatory drawings. For Nighthawks, she said, "Night + bright interior of cheap eating house. Bright items: cherry woods counter + tops of surrounding stools; light on metal tanks at rear right; brilliant streak of jade green tiles 3/four across canvas—at base of glass of window curving at corner. Light walls, dull yellow ocre [sic] door into kitchen right."

Desire to see these masterpieces in person? Check out our guide on where to observe some of the most famous fine art.

This article has been edited and updated.

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